Scattering by Turbulence
Random fluctuations in water density, induced by turbulence, act to steer photons through very small angles in the forward direction, and therefore, scattering by turbulence is also strongly peaked, by orders of magnitude, in the forward direction. Because turbulent fluctuations are completely random in space and time, the variance of photons scattered by turbulence at small angles is much greater than the variance associated with small angle scattering by particles (Bogucki et al. 1998).

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Intro to IOPs
More on IOPs: absorption • beam attenuation • volume scattering function • fluorescence • turbidity • scattering
More on scattering: scattering by pure water • scattering coefficient • scattering by particles • scattering by turbulence